Reentry and the American Prison System - 1613 Words

With the dramatic increase in the prison population since the 1970’s, the number of people released from prison has also seen a steady increase. In 2009, almost 730,000 people were released from state and federal prisons, an increase of more than 20 percent since 2000. Those newly released are often condemned by their time in prison and usually have to deal with a loss of social standing. The transitioning process can present various challenges for them including but not limited to reconnecting with family and peers, finding living arrangements and employment. This transitioning process is better referred to as reentry. Reentry is the process in which individuals return to communities from prison or jail custody, with the goal of reintegrating into society. In addition to feelings of fear, anxiety and uncertainty, this process can be further complicated by the many indirect legal consequences of a criminal conviction, sometimes called collateral consequences, which can inhibit an individuals ability to reenter society. Upon release, a majority of prisoners will not have anyone or anyplace to go home to. and housing is one of the first most important commodities they’ll require. A stable home can help build a solid foundation, giving a place for communication as well as making it easier to seek employment. This is also essential for maybe a parent wanting to reunite with their kids after being released. Finding such housing can be a daunting task partly because ofShow MoreRelatedReentry And Reentry Initiatives : Jenifer1445 Words   |  6 Pages Reentry and Reentry Initiatives Jenifer Roberts Brown Mackie College TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT†¦ PAGE 3 INTRODUCTION†¦. PAGE 3 SUMMARY†¦.. PAGE 3 WHAT IS REENTRY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ PAGE 3 GOALS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT†¦.. PAGE 4 LAW ENFORCEMENT REENTRY INITIATIVES†¦ PAGE 4 REENTRY COURTS†¦.. PAGE 4 WHITE HOUSE OFFICE OF FAITH-BASED AND COMMUNITY INITIATIES†¦ PAGE 5 SERIOUS VILENT OFFENDER REENTRY INITIATIVE (SVORI)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. PAGE 5 TRANSITIONRead MoreParadigm Shift And The Evolving Corrections Environment Assignment1205 Words   |  5 Pageswere a long time ago. Foremost, the federal, state and local governments have a monopoly over our criminal justice systems and incarceration. This includes defining crimes, apprehending and prosecuting criminals, and then deciding what to do with the convicts. During imprisonment, government control is downright. Despite variation in the means, methods, goals and dreams of the many prison reform organizations, most of them out of necessity have a big-government focus. (John Dewar Gleissner, 2012) StillRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Reentry Programs On Reducing Juvenile Recidivism Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Reentry Programs On   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reducing Juvenile Recidivism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By: Tiffany Gilliam La Salle University PHLT 752: Capstone I Introduction Nearly, 5% of the world s population is represented by the United who possesses 25% of the world s prisoners (Liptak, 2008). Approximately 2.2 million prisoners are awaiting pre-trial and 1.6 million post-trial inmates are incarcerated in city, state, and federal prisons throughoutRead MoreThe Lack Of Reintegration Programs And Mass Incarceration Of African Americans912 Words   |  4 Pagesprograms and mass incarceration of African Americans in the United. Mass incarceration amongst African Americans has had a catastrophic impact on families and communities and continues to create a cycle of discrimination, which makes its nearly impossible as a race to progress. Because of the soaring incarceration rate in the United States, many prisons are over populated and lack resources and support to help inmates succeed once released from prisons. Since there is an insufficiency in resourcesRead MorePrisoner Reentry1596 Words   |  7 Pagescurrently two million Americans who are incarcer ated in our country’s prison system at this time. Each year there around roughly 650,000 released (Prisoner Reentry). These individuals are faced with many challenges when reintegrating themselves back into society. This is a very difficult time for them and often times things do not go as everyone planed. This time period is filled with disappointments, whether it be to the parole officers, their families or themselves. Leaving prison to reenter the worldRead MoreResearch Outline, Annotated Bibliography, and Sample Survey: Women in Prisons1365 Words   |  5 Pagesand the fastest growing prison population with a disproportionate number of non-Whites forming over 60 percent of the population. In fact, over 30 percent of women in prison are serving sentences for murder involving a spouse or partner. The incarceration of women presents far different cultural and sociological issues than those of men issues with children, family, sexual politics and more (NWLC, 2012). The rapid increase of female prisoners in a male-dominated system has left fewer adequate resourcesRead MoreMinorities As The Majority Population Of Recidivist990 Words   |  4 Pages with minorities as the majority population of recidivist. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics criminals with longer prison sentences were associated with an increased chance of recidivating. 46.9% of inmates released from prison were re-convicted of a felony or serious misdemeanor within three years of release. This study was an implemented sample study of fifteen states in 1994. In a more recent study the BJS conducted it found that a 67.8% of prisoners were re-arrested within three yearsRead MoreFice Of National Drug Control Policy988 Words   |  4 Pagesfederal prisons each year (1). The Bureau of Justice Statistics states that in 1980 the amount of inmates that were incarcerated was around 300,000. That number has increased to over 1,600,000 inmates admitted into the state prisons wh ich is shown to date by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 2007(4). Showing the increase in these numbers only means that there will be even more people released into our communities once their prison sentence is up. Once inmates are released from prison, more thanRead MoreThe United States : A Growing Problem With Women1553 Words   |  7 Pagescriminal justice system. There has been a dramatic increase of women since the 1980’s. In addition, the increase of women has brought mothers into the equation. Pregnant mothers who are allowed to keep their newborn while incarcerated has been theorized to have many positive results. Including a higher chance of a positive reentry, allow bonding time between the mother and her child, and easing the pain of their incarceration. Laws vary from state to state, making it hard for parents in prison to get visitationRead MoreWhen Prisoners Come Home : Parole And Prisoner Reentry1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe number of prisoners in the A merican prison population has grown considerably in the last couple of decades. For many prisoners the process of arrest, incarceration and release is a continuous cycle, there is very little hope of them living in civilization for a long period of time. There is also a high a retention rate of the returning offenders. A large portion of these prisoners are minorities of African Americans and Hispanics face more time in jail or prison is extremely high. The success

Hamlet’s Love for Ophelia Free Essays

Hamlet is noted as being one of Shakespearean most puzzling and darkest plays. While the play has a concise story, there are numerous doubts relating to different issues behind the plot. One issue that is never truly resolved deals with the true feelings of Prince Hamlet, and whether he in fact loves Aphelia. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet’s Love for Ophelia or any similar topic only for you Order Now The word love is extremely commanding, and the concept of love may be hard to grasp when one of the lovers remains undecided. In Act Ill, Scene 1, Hamlet claims to have loved Aphelia; however, four lines later, he states that he does not love her anymore. This makes it difficult to decipher when Hamlet is truly in love, as his feeling towards Aphelia regularly change. This confusing cycle is due to Hamlet’s â€Å"madness†, and is further influenced by Hamlet constantly being pushed to his limits due to anguish and sorrow. Hamlet is portrayed as an unconventional lover, which explains why he sends mixed messages that confuse Aphelia, making her question whether or not his feelings for her are true. Two people who are in love would not want to risk the chance of hurting one another because to them it is not worth it. Hamlet does not think in this manner, which raises the question of whether the love between them is strong enough to have lasted through the chaos and difficulty in Hamlet’s life. It is true that Hamlet’s love for Aphelia is debatable; however, when analyzing the â€Å"go thy ways to a nunnery† interaction, the dispute with Alerter, and Hamlet’s twisted affection towards Aphelia, one can see that his love is authentic. How to cite Hamlet’s Love for Ophelia, Papers

Competitive Strategy Expertise and Seveloping

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy for Expertise and Seveloping. Answer: Introduction: Strategy, the word was originated from the Greek word strategos. It means the art of the general in war. As stated in the subject material business is considered as the modern day war. The business executives lead these wars with their expertise and developing strategies. Understanding the proper meaning of the word strategy is vital as it is used in every turn of a business. Many famous organizations misunderstood the meaning of strategy which cost heavily. The goals of the company, objectives, tactics, and descriptions are not strategies. These help the business executives in making the strategies for companies. A strategy helps a business executive in understanding which market has to be chosen, what uniqueness of the company will bring customers, what resources have to be used to reach to the business aim, and how the business can be sustaining. To win over the rivals, an organization first has to identify the competitors. It has to create something unique which will add to the organizations value. It will give the company the edge to win over the competitors. The available resources to a producer have to be used efficiently. This will minimize the cost of production for the company and maximize its profit. As stated by Verbeke (2013), the business executive has to find a strategy such that the organization becomes sustaining, that means the company has to stay ahead of its competitors over time. In the view of Henry Mintzberg (2013), there are three types of business strategies existing in the market which can be categorized as intended, emergent, and realized. In reality, the applied strategies tend to change its course. The intended strategy may change the path when applied in reality, which gives space for the emergent strategy. It gives the business the required push to realize its goals. For this purpose a strategy has to be timed perfectly. The ideas mentioned above has been applied by the Australian Pharmaceutical Industries (API), an Australian health and beauty company, which is renowned for pharmaceutical distribution, manufacturing, and retailing. The local competitors failed to compete with the APIs production design and selling strategies. API has a market specific strategy which hits the right demographic. API uses company owned franchise operations and stores all over the country. It reduces the shipping charges and the cost of production. According to Beh, Mammucari and Foster (2016), this simple, yet complicated process of API depends on the interdependence of all the manufacturing levels. It makes imitation difficult for the rival firms. In the agricultural sector, the GrainCorp Limited has achieved a high position in the market. The rival firms are required to change their whole production process in order to imitate GrainCorp Limited. According to Jeston and Nelis (2014), it will be costlier than the overall gain which the competitors can possibly earn after a successful imitation process. It was a government administered board, later privatized. The storages of the company are well linked through extensive rail network. It helps the company to reach its customers all over Australia. This clear and sophisticated strategy of business helped GrainCorp Limited to stay ahead of its rivals since 1992. 5th weeks subject material: CAGE Distance Framework of Pankaj Ghemawat. In the view of Pankaj Ghemawat, international trade between two nations depends on various attributes. These attributes are required in measuring the similarity and differences between two trading nations. According to Ghemawat (2013), more trade between two nations can be followed by more similarities. On the other hand, more differences lead to a dampening trading situation between two nations. The similarities can through various sources like similar language, same border, geographic location, similar per capita income, and many more. He divided these attributes into four categories named CAGE framework. Here, C stands for Cultural, A stands for Administrative/political, G stands for Geographic and E stands for Economic similarity indicators. He argued that the companies should keep this framework in mind while creating strategies for international market. The trade, capital, information, and people flow are used for creating the CAGE framework. It will give the traders the idea o f what can possibly dampen the trade between the two nations engaged in trade. The multinational corporations will be benefited by this framework. It measures the differences between two nations and thus shows the potential profit from a trade. He also argued that the more there are commonalities between two nations; trade becomes a lucrative option as it becomes more profitable. The cultural differences can come in the form of climate, time zone, and others. The economic differences can come in the form of the resources available, position in development indexes, and others (YouTube 2016). Australian Pharmaceutical Industries (API), an Australian health and beauty company, should keep the CAGE framework in focus while analyzing the pattern of trade and during market expansion. According to Moore (2015), the geographical position of Australia gives API the access to the neighbour New Zealand and other Asia-Pacific countries. The products that the company sells have demand in the later country as well. According to API (2016), the company can make profit by producing the same kind of products for both the countries. It means API only has to increase its production capacity. The company acquired Interpacific and Interpharma businesses in New Zealand, which shows the Pankaj Ghemawats CAGE framework, can be applied to the international trade. Bulla dairy Foods, a dairy firm from Australia produces dairy based products for the domestic market. The products are of export quality. The management of the company can consider selling the products in the international market like New Zealand, which has many similarities with Australia in the form of economy, geographical location, and others. It will increase the size of the market for the company. Reference: API, (2016). Our History - API. [online] API. Available at: https://www.api.net.au/about-us/our-history/ [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016]. Beh, C.C., Mammucari, R. and Foster, N., 2016. Process intensification and sustainability in chemical engineering. Chemeca 2016: Chemical Engineering-Regeneration, Recovery and Reinvention, p.453. Ghemawat, P., 2013.Redefining global strategy: Crossing borders in a world where differences still matter. Harvard Business Press. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J., 2014.Business process management. Routledge. Mintzberg, H., 2013.Simply managing: What managers doand can do better. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Moore, D., Matosin, N., Rook, H. and Weber, J.C., 2015. Strategic think piece on pharmaceutical margins. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. YouTube. (2016). Pankaj Ghemawat about the Global Connectedness Index. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1XewrFrKRA [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016].

Karl Marx Essays (2205 words) - Philosophy, Culture, Politics

Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx was born on May 5, 1818, in the city of Trier in Prussia, now, Germany. He was one of seven children of Jewish Parents. His father was fairly iberal, taking part in demonstrations for a constitution for Prussia and reading such authors as Voltaire and Kant, known for their social commentary. His mother, Henrietta, was originally from Holland and never became a German at heart, not even learning to speak the language properly. Shortly before Karl Marx was born, his father converted the family to the Evangelical Established Church, Karl being baptized at the age of six. Marx attended high school in his home town (1830-1835) where several teachers and pupils were under suspicion of harboring liberal ideals. Marx himself seemed to be a devoted Christian with a "longing for self-sacrifice on behalf of humanity." In October of 1835, he started attendance at the University of Bonn, enrolling in non-socialistic-related classes like Greek and Roman mythology and the history of art. During this time, he spent a day in jail for being "drunk and disorderly-the only imprisonment he suffered" in the course of his life. The student culture at Bonn included, as a major part, being politically rebellious and Marx was involved, presiding over the Tavern Club and joining a club for poets that included some politically active students. However, he left Bonn after a year and enrolled at the University of Berlin to study law and philosophy. Marx's experience in Berlin was crucial to his ntroduction to Hegel's philosophy and to his "adherence to the Young Hegelians." Hegel's philosophy was crucial to the development of his own ideas and theories. Upon his first introduction to Hegel's beliefs, Marx felt a repugnance and wrote his father that when he felt sick, it was partially "from intense vexation at having to make an idol of a view [he] detested." The Hegelian doctrines exerted considerable pressure in the "revolutionary student culture" that Marx was immersed in, however, and Marx eventually joined a society called the Doctor Club, involved mainly in the "new literary and philosophical movement" who's chief figure was Bruno Bauer, a lecturer in theology who thought that the Gospels were not a record of History but that they came from "human fantasies arising from man's emotional needs" and he also hypothesized that Jesus had not existed as a person. Bauer was later dismissed from his position by the Prussian government. By 1841, Marx's studies were lacking and, at the suggestion of a friend, he submitted a doctoral dissertation to the university at Jena, known for having lax acceptance requirements. Unsurprisingly, he got in, and finally received his degree in 1841. His thesis "analyzed in a Hegelian fashion the difference between the natural philosophies of Democritus and Epicurus" using his knowledge of mythology and the myth of Prometheus in his chains. In October of 1842, Marx became the editor of the paper Rheinische Zeitung, and, as the editor, wrote editorials on socio-economic issues such as poverty, etc. During this time, he found that his "Hegelian philosophy was of little use" and he separated himself from his young Hegelian friends who only shocked the bourgeois to make up their "social activity." Marx helped the paper to succeed and it almost became the leading journal in Prussia. However, the Prussian government suspended it because of "pressures from the goverment of Russia." So, Marx went to Paris to study "French Communism." In June of 1843, he was married to Jenny Von Westphalen, an attractive girl, four years older than Marx, who came from a prestigious family of both military and administrative distinction. Although many of the members of the Von Westphalen family were opposed to the marriage, Jenny's father favored Marx. In Paris, Marx became acquainted with the Communistic views of French workmen. Although he thought that the ideas of the workmen were "utterly crude and unintelligent," he admired their camaraderie. He later wrote an article entitled "Toward the Critique of the Hegelian Philosophy of Right" from which comes the famous quote that religion is the "opium of the people." Once again, the Prussian government interfered with Marx and he was expelled from France. He left for Brussels, Belgium, and , in 1845, renounced his Prussian nationality. During the next two years in Brussels, the lifelong collaboration with Engels deepened further. He and Marx, sharing the same views, pooled their "intellectual resources" and published The Holy Family, a criticism of the Hegelian idealism of Bruno Bauer. In their next work, they demonstrated their materialistic conception of history but the book found no publisher

How to Start an After School Club

How to Start an After School Club A childs education does not take place only in the classroom, during regular school hours. The home, the playground, and the school campus, in general, can all be invaluable settings for a childs personal and scholastic growth. One way to enhance a students school experience is through extracurricular activities such as clubs. At the elementary school level, some appropriate, enjoyable, and educationally beneficial themes might be: Creative WritingBooks and ReadingChess and Other Board GamesOutdoor SportsCollecting and Other HobbiesMusic, Drama, and ChorusArts and Crafts (knitting, drawing, etc.)Anything else that fits the interests of your schools population Or, consider starting a club about the latest fad (for example, Pokemon a few years ago). Even though these extremely popular fads can also be annoying to adults, theres no denying that they do inspire boundless passion in the imaginations of a wide range of children. Perhaps, a Pokemon club could involve creative writing, original games, books, and songs about those colorful little creatures. Surely such a club would be bursting with enthusiastic young members! Now, once youve decided on the topic, consider the technicalities of starting a new club on campus. Here are some things to consider once youve determined the type of club youd like to start at your elementary school campus: Get permission from the schools administration to start the club on campus. Also, designate the time, place, and supervising adult(s) for the club. Look for commitment and set it in stone, if possible.Determine the age group that would be included as members of the club. Perhaps kindergarteners are too young? Would sixth graders be too cool for the concept? Narrow down your target population, and youll simplify the process right off the bat.Take an informal survey of how many students might be interested. Maybe you could place a half-sheet of paper in the teachers mailboxes, asking them to take a show of hands in their classroom.Depending on the results of the informal survey, you might want to consider placing a limit on the number of members to be initially accepted to the club. Consider the number of adults that will be able to attend the meetings to supervise and help out consistently. Your club will fail to meet its objectives if there are too many kids to handle effectively. Speaking of objectives, what are yours? Why will your club exist and what will it set out to accomplish? You have two choices here: either you, as the adult facilitator, can determine the goals all on your own or, at the clubs first session, you can lead a discussion of club goals and use student input to list them.Design a permission slip to hand out to parents, as well as an application if you are having one. An after-school activity requires parent permission, so follow your schools rules to the letter on this topic.  Make a concrete plan for the first day and subsequent sessions, as possible. Its not worth holding a club meeting if it is disorganized and, as the adult supervisor, its your job to provide structure and direction. The number one principle in starting and coordinating a club at the elementary school level is to have fun! Give your students a positive and worthwhile first experience with extracurricular involvement. By creating a fun and functional school club, you will be setting your students on the path to a happy and fulfilled an academic career in middle school, high school, and beyond!

Writing a Rhetorical Analysis

Writing a Rhetorical Analysis Writing a Rhetorical Analysis Writing a Rhetorical Analysis and Writing Critical Analysis: How? As a rule, writing a rhetorical analysis is considered to be one of the most challenging tasks a student receives during his or her studying life in college. Writing a rhetorical analysis is considered to be so complicated as in order to write it, the student does not have to criticize, analyze, or describe the images of the piece of writing under analysis, instead of this, he or she has to depict what message each of the writers is trying to deliver to the readers, and how he or she is doing it in the piece of writing under analysis. Detecting tactics are the main task of writing a rhetorical analysis: Apart from detecting the tactics the authors use in their writing, you also have to determine the goal of each of the pieces of writing. You see the theme and idea of any piece of writing are considered to be different things, do not mix them up while writing a rhetorical analysis. The theme of the article tells the readers what is the article about; the idea of the article explains the readers with which aim was this or that article written. Rhetorical Analysis Essay Writing Is A Demanding Task Writing an analysis paper demands from the student a lot of hard working and brainstorming; that is why in order to have enough time for writing a rhetorical analysis completing better start you work at that very day when you have received the task. Writing critical analysis is one more task, which is considered to be a rather difficult as it is really difficult to criticize some others writing. Of course, if you are not going to bring evidence for your words in writing critical analysis, you will not spend much time for such work. However, if you are going to handle writing critical analysis according to all the requirements, you can do nothing but spend your time for finding proofs for your words. If You Need Help With Writing Rhetorical Analysis If you do not want to cope either with writing critical analysis or with writing a rhetorical analysis, you have a marvelous opportunity to escape this dull writing. Our custom essay writing service will handle writing a rhetorical analysis or writing critical analysis with great pleasure for you. We evaluate the comfort and good mood of our customers that is why we never disturb our customers after we have received an order. Entrust your writing critical analysis into our hands and be sure in the success. Read also: Cause and Effect Essay Argumentative Essay Topics English Essay Writing Writing Thesis Papers Writing a Thesis

The case for diversifying across residential properties in London Coursework

The case for diversifying across residential properties in London - Coursework Example Average return as the percentage of the total returns is computed as (103.58/1243*100) = 8.33%. To calculate the percentage deviation from mean, you subtract the average return from the monthly returns for example in 2000, the total returns was $1404, the average return was $117. The month of january generated $100. To calculate the deviation, we subtract $117 from $100 to get a negative deviatio of $17 (-17). The percentage deviation is therefore calculated as (-17/1404*100) = -1.210826211% to 2 decimal places I get -1.21%. Note that: average return is only used to calculate the deviation in terms of returns but to calculate the % deviation, we devide the deviation return by the total returns then multiply by 100. Alternatively, we can calculate the average return as the percentage of total return as (117/1404*100) = 8.33% and take for example month of january, calculate its percentage of the total return as (100/1404*100) = 7.12% therefore, the % deviation is calculated as (7.21% - 8.33%) = -1.21% this is computed for the rest of the months to get the percentage deviations. Expected risk SD is = 0.5*0.35%+ 0.5*0.12 = 0.235%. This is the expected loss from the investment of choice. Therefore, whether an investor invests in Holland or south ken, the loss will be 0.235% of the total returns From the above data, that we have the same returns 8.33% but different risk level. Portfolios with more risk than others markets so invest in less risky investments (Baum & Hartzell, 2011). For instance, an investor can invest in south ken and Fulham. From the analysis, Chelsea residential market has the highest returns (profits) averagely $120 per month closely followed by ken/Holland with average return of $117 per month, then south ken with $104 per month then lastly Fulham with $103.58. on the other hand, Chelsea registered the highest possibility of a loss which is 0.51% of the total returns. Ken/Holland

Theorizing Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theorizing Popular Culture - Essay Example As we enter and tumble into the 21st century we're at a point in human evolution where traditional cultures pushed by rough edge of modernity are really stepping back into their own traditions, and embracing their belief systems. One of the manifestations of that is body marking. At the same time, I think there is a whole sector of modern society, not just youth, but across all sorts of generations, genders, and ethnic backgrounds that are in search of identity, meaning and ritual. Hence, a huge explosion of tribal tattooing, and body marking. This is referred to as the "modern primitive" movement within tattooing. I think there's a correlation because if you step back and look at it, it's the larger picture of mankind wanting identity, wanting a sense of place, a sense of ritual, and a sense of culture within their own community.(National Geographic 2004) Ear piercing can be traced back to 2nd century B.C. in Cyprus along with Iran from 2900-3500 BC and Iraq in 9th century BC, with pieces of art and jewelry in museums. Unfortunately the reasons for this ear piercing phenomenon have not been determined. However an Eskimo tribe in Alaska around 1918 used shark tooth earrings as a form of social rank. Another raising popularity involving ear piercing is stretching the earlobes to accommodate ear spools and ear plugs. Some examples can be found in places such as Guatemala 900-1500 AD with ear spools, and also in china with the stretching of the earlobes. Some people today still stretch their earlobes some examples can be found in Asia on an island named Borneo. Lip piercing another popular part of body piercing is lip piercing or labret piercing which some examples can be found in native Alaskan tribe around 1897. Lip plugs were worn by both men and women and represented those men had reached puberty. For women it was worn as decoration, or by women born of noble stature. Nose piercing, in today's culture can be stemmed from Alaska in the late 19th century and were considered a mark of distinction and prestige and were worn by both men and women. Body piercing in the cultural reference is seemingly just another form of individualism which has been practice in every culture for many centuries and will still be practice for many centuries to come. American's may not get their bodies pierced for the religious or cultural reasons that other countries do, but they still promote individualism that is ultimately behind it. This Modification is slowly becoming our present culture. Cultural Background on Tattoo's Tattooing is one of the most common forms of body adornment and individualism in America today. Tattooing has been practiced since the time of Ancient Egypt. "Tattoo is a word of Polynesian origin which is related to the Tahitian word tatau and the Marquesan word ta-tu." (University of Pennsylvania) One example of tattooing is the ancient Maori of New Zealand. Maori men have their faces, buttocks and thighs covered. This type of tattooing involves chiseling the skin and then placing ink the cuts to create the tattoo. Since this procedure is very painful it is done in stages starting in early adulthood. "The facial tattoos were an

The Power of Nonviolence Essay Example for Free

The Power of Nonviolence Essay â€Å"We heard that the city had decided to allow the police officials to stand by and allow the hoodlum element to come in and attack us†. The story â€Å"The Power of Nonviolence† by John Lewis takes place in the Southern United States during the late 1950’s and early 1960’s. An important theme revealed in â€Å"The Power of Nonviolence† is life can be hard but you should always keep going that is what gets you were you are. Three ways that this theme is revealed are, John Lewis and other blacks being discriminated against, John and his friends doing the sit-ins, and Nashville desegregating the lunch counters. The first way the theme is revealed is by John Lewis and other blacks being discriminated against. In the Southern States black people were discriminated against and were not allowed to eat or watch movies at the same places as white people because they were â€Å"colored†. Because of their skin they were denied the same things as white people. As shown in this quote â€Å"You bought your ticket at the same window that the white people did, but they could sit downstairs, and you had to go upstairs.† This quote supports the theme because it shows how hard life is on them and how they go on. The second way the theme is revealed is by John and his friends doing the sit-ins. Many people would go into the segregated places that served food and sit at the counters and wait to be served. Some times they wouldn’t get served at all other times they would get attacked, but they refused to fight back violently. As seen in this quote â€Å"They would sit down in a very orderly, peaceful, nonviolent fashion and wait to be served.† This quote supports the theme because they won’t back down and kept going on through hard times. The final way the theme is revealed is by Nashville desegregating the lunch counters. After months of the peaceful non violent sit-ins Nashville became the first city to desegregate its lunch counters and let blacks eat there too. As shown in this quote â€Å"And so Nashville became the first major city in the south to desegregate its downtown lunch counters and restaurants. That was the power of non violence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this final quote reinforces the theme by showing that they got were they wanted to because they kept going on through hard times. The theme revealed in â€Å"The Power of Nonviolence† is life can be hard but you should always keep going that is what gets you were you are. Three ways that this theme was revealed were, discrimination all over the southern states, students participating in lunch counter sit-ins, and Nashville desegregating its lunch counters. Though out the story I was affected deeply by the careless discrimination and realized how horrible that it is and it let me see the light and realize what I was doing wrong and what I can do to correct it and fix the problems of discrimination.

lord of the flies piggy analysis Essay -- essays research papers

Piggy Character Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Piggy in the beginning of the book was using his common sense, he was intelligent, he knew what was right from wrong, and he could condone things that made him angry easily. In the beginning of the book, (pg. ) Ralph told everyone his name was Piggy even though Piggy specifically told Ralph that he didn't like to be called that name Piggy later condoned Ralph's action with great ease. Piggy's action's and behavior depended on his glasses. Piggy and his glasses symbolized intelligence, he represents the rational side of civilization. With the glasses it seemed as though Piggy made all the right choices, and he helped Ralph know what needed to be done with the tribe. Without his glasses Piggy couldn't see i.e, Piggy was useless without his glasses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dramatic changes occurred after the tribe killed Simon.(pg. ) Savage Piggy blamed the murder on Simon himself for crawling around at night. But civil Piggy would have blamed the murder on the boys and himself and would have brought it up constantly. By the end of the book piggy was not what he was in the begging he changed dramatically from being loquacious about what he knew to being loquacious and just rabbling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Piggy fits into the theme of intellectual aspect of civilization because he was the one who thought of coming up with rules/ norms. (Pg. ) He also brought the civilization of england onto the island. If Pi...

Criminal Justice Essay

Herbert Packer a professor from Stanford University came up with two models of how the criminal justice system works. The two models that Herbert Packer had came up with is the crime control model and due process model.The crime control model is based on conservative values such as aggressive arrest, prosecution and conviction of criminals and makes the system more efficient and safer for people. The due process control is basically protecting an individual’s rights whether they’re accused and to protect the innocent people from conviction. According to the article , neither models should be used because both the crime control and due process model have both significant strengths and weaknesses. For example, one weakness of a due process model is it only protects the accused individual rights and not the victim. Also the articles claims that â€Å"both appear to have potential pitfalls and dangers that could threaten both safety and security and the individual freedoms that have made the United States a beacon of stability and freedom throughout the world†. The article also states that crime control model is too harsh while the due process model is just soft on the accused individuals. While the crime control model is aggressive arrest and it could be trouble if the police officers arrest the innocent by accident and during the aggressive arrest it may hurt the victims also.This shows that neither models should be used due to all the reasons above. Herbert Packer feels that both methods should be combined to prevent weaknesses in the model while gaining more strengths and less dangers to the society. Also Herbert Packer feels that if the models were combined, it’ll be the best strategy to deal with crimes days in the future. With the criminal control model being harsh and the due process being more soft on the accused, they would make a great team which adjusting the levels to just right not too harsh or too easy. These reasons above states why Herbert Packer feels that both models or methods should be combined. Based on all the facts given to me, I would prefer the crime control model because crime control model could actually prevent more crimes while the due process model would increase the amount of crimes a year. Also the crime control model enforces the law while the due process model doesn’t. I would prefer the crime control model also because it’s better to be safe than sorry and increases the social order in that certain area. Since the due process model is too easy on the criminal, there may be a chance that the individual would commit another crime and in society it is important to maintain social order or there would be chaos.I also think that if the crime control model is including traffic stops ,wiretapping and surveillance , it’ll still protect the victim and the criminal somehow. The crime control model is necessary to make a free society. With the crime control model, the criminal justice system should be more efficient than ever. The crime control model increases the police powers which make the criminal afraid of committing any more crimes. This is shows why I prefer the crime control model over the due process model. Herbert Packer a professor from Stanford University came up with two models of how the criminal justice system works. The two models that Herbert Packer had came up with is the crime control model and due process model. In conclusion, there are many strengths and weaknesses among the models but still the crime control method is more important in order to prevent crimes from increasing.

The Value of Discipline – Short Essay

The Value of Discipline Discipline is the process of training oneself in obedience, self control, skill, etc. The controlled, ordered behaviour results from such training. Discipline is the basis of the whole universe. The solar system is governed by certain laws to maintain perfect harmony and beauty. Without this order, there would be utter chaos. Discipline is a basic requirement of a civilized society. Citizens of a disciplined nation work with a spirit of cooperation and unity. Aristotle has rightly said, â€Å"Discipline is obedience to rules formed by the society for the good of all.Discipline should be inculcated from a very young age. Talent and genius alone are not enough to achieve success. Discipline has an equally important role to play. Talents blossom in a disciplined person. Discipline in schools may reduce the violence and vandalism and help the students to focus better on their studies and career. Discipline is important even in the family. Parents must raise their children in a pleasant and disciplined atmosphere. They should teach them the right values. They should themselves lead an orderly life so that their children can learn from their example.Children growing in disciplined and happy homes become responsible adults. All should follow the rules and regulations laid by law. Discipline means full realization of the sense of responsibility. This will bring progress and prosperity in the society and the nation. A proper and reasonable balance has to be stuck between liberty and discipline. The restraints or discipline must course be designed for the social good and it is obvious that excessive restraints will inevitably lead to the erosion of human liberties. MY ROLE AS A STUDENTMy role as student in a society entails various things. Firstly, to concentrate on studies so that I develop into well-educated individual that make significant contributions to the society in the future. Secondly, to pass on whatever knowledge I have to others. Thi s can take on many forms ranging from helping your siblings to creating awareness about environmental issues such as global warming. Thirdly, to act as responsible youth. This means to steer clear of any unlawful activities. It also involves not damaging the society and avoiding acts of destruction.As a student I shall try and refrain myself from all such activities for my benefit as well as the society's. Fourthly, to do what I can to protect my environment and society. As a student I shall avoid litter places and should try to invest a few hours into community services if possible. As student I will also try to behave respectfully to the elders of the society and take care of their needs i. e. help an elder to cross a road; stand up and make space for an elder to sit if there is none. This list shows about 200 common phrasal verbs, with meanings and examples.Only the most usual meanings are given. Some phrasal verbs may have additional meanings. | | | 1. | | | 2. | | | 3. | | | 4. | | | 5. | | | 6. | | | 7. | | | 8. | | | 9. | | | 10. | | | 11. | | | 12. | | | 13. | | | 14. | | | 15. | | | 16. | | | 17. | | | 18. | | | 19. | | | 20. | | | 21. | | | 22. | | | 23. | | | 24. | | | 25. | | | 26. | | | 27. | | | 28. | | | 29. | | | 30. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

buy custom Business Management essay

buy custom Business Management essay Management refers working with human, financial and also the available physical resources in order to achieve the objectives of an organization through application of the four functions of management; planning, organizing, leading and finally controlling. In every type of organization there must be management. It is the role of all managers to ensure that they perform some of the organizations basic functions in order to maintain the smooth running of the business. The idea behind management is facilitation of those working towards realization of the common goals. The idea is several goals ought to satisfy the organization a whole. For example what one should have in mind is that hey should strive to make profit and at the same time make their customers happy. Any manager should strive hard in order to ensure that the objectives of the organization are reached. Apparently the objectives can range just from promotion of the current employees up to changing a function ones business operates. It remains to be an obligation to the management to assist in evaluation of the various objectives and keeping them in balance. There exists a couple of opposing views that operate in any organization thus it is quite imperative to remain as reasonable as possible with regard to all groups. The various that are bound to be in a competition are employees, consumers and then the government regulation. It is thus important to find a way in order to balance various requirements while still realizing that not all can be made happy. Question 2 Being a C.E.O of an organization grants ones various roles considering that the C.E.O is the overall head. The C.E.O can apply the four roles of management and this would help in making the organization get close to or even realizing its goals. Planning Planning entails looking forward and also development of things in advance. A good example of a common planning tool is a budget. It is quite instrumental when it comes to allowing a given company to best be in a position to plan for a particular method of spending finance and also highlighting the areas facing difficulties in termsof spending much cash. It is also the managements obligation to make plans and also formulate firm and constant decisions. It however of how sometimes it might prove quite hard to plan, but it tends to be quite sensible and it provides a good focus in any given business. Organizing The basics entailed here are consideration of the resources and also the activities required. It remains the managers obligation to assign various responsibilities to respective employees and giving them the necessary authority to accomplish tasks. A good manager who successfully assigns responsibilities to employees ensures that each one of the workers has adequate jobs to handle, day to day obligations are reasonably and well spread to all workers and every job gets done. One major characteristic of a potential C.E.O is that they can delegate some work to other employees, a strategy to decrease their given own lots of work they are required to handle. Work that is more general is delegated and apparently no one else is entitled to handling the same when in a management position. Influencing Influencing can be done in a couple of ways. Influencing can be done through living up to the very standards that are expected from employees, promotion of those employees who do good work and awarding of those employees who reach particular set goals. Influencing entails providing a path and the required motivation in order to get things done perfectly as per the requirements. Controlling Controlling includes devising certain ways that ascertain that particular plans are being achieved. Being a C.E.O requires one to constantly check on things for themselves in order to ensure that correct measures are being taken. The employee personal values require fitting when fixed into the organizations values. The administrative work, the likes of paper work and policies, need to be kept up with. A C.E.O ought to ensure total control of the business by being the leader, figurehead and also liaison at the same time. Question 3 In football, when drawing up ones plan, it is worth noting that the first thing to consider is determination of what it takes to beat ones toughest opponent and this is planning. In organizing, the coach starts by recruiting players. The other thing is finding out when people can easily make it, time and day and finally get their given commitments. For a well organized team, a couple of weeks notice may prove quite imperative. In influencing, it remains the coachs responsibility to motivate, inspire and also encourage. In this way the coach tends to influence the players as they play in mind that the coach expects them to show the agreed upon results hence influencing their mode of playing. In controlling, coaching football deals with quite many different personalities and each and every player is different from the others. The entire team players have to be controlled in a manner that it suits all. Actually the general act of ruling the team and being the one to deliver playing tact ics and advice to all players is what can be referred to as controlling. Question 4 Planning in volunteering includes well defined goals and activities that have to be dealt with in a given period of time. A volunteer will have to settle and think of the places that they will have to visit before the end of the day and actually this is what one can refer to as planning. When it is a question of organizing, volunteers to carry with them some items that may be will have to be given to the intended group of people. They organize or rather compile so they will have all that ought to be taken may be to the unfortunate or even assisting in a church. In influencing, a volunteer can influence in many ways. First, the act of being a volunteer greatly influences others who have the potential to assist in that they feel it their obligation to carry out services without payment as this shows honesty and that one is not guided by the love for money. Controlling in volunteering occurs when the non-volunteers change their given ways and join the volunteering services having been i nfluenced. In this particular way the former volunteers have controlled the lives and the ways of living of those people who gain interest and join other volunteers. Buy custom Business Management essay

Battle of the Trebia in the Second Punic War

Battle of the Trebia in the Second Punic War The Battle of the Trebia is believed to have been fought on December 18, 218 BC during the early stages of the Second Punic War (218-201 BC). For the second time in less than fifty years, the competing interests of Carthage and Rome came into conflict and resulted in war. Following his capture of Saguntum in Iberia, the noted Carthaginian commander Hannibal, advanced over the Alps and invaded Italy. Taking the Romans by surprise, he advanced through the Po Valley and won a minor victory at Ticinus. A short time later, Hannibal descended on a larger Roman force along the Trebia River. Taking advantage of a rash Roman commander, he won a crushing victory. The triumph at Trebia was the first of several that Hannibal would win during his time in Italy. Background Having lost Sicily after the First Punic War (264-241 BC), Carthage later endured the loss of Sardinia and Corsica to the Romans when they were distracted putting down rebellions in North Africa. Recovering from these reverses, Carthage commenced expanding its influence to the Iberian Peninsula which gave it access to a variety of resources. This expansion led to direct conflict with Rome over the Hellenized city of Saguntum which was aligned with the Italian nation. Following the assassination of pro-Carthage citizens in Saguntum, Carthaginian forces under Hannibal laid siege to the city in 219 BC. Hannibal Marches The citys fall after a prolonged siege led to open warfare between Rome and Carthage. Completing the capture of Saguntum, Hannibal began planning to cross the Alps to invade northern Italy. Moving forward in the spring of 218 BC, Hannibal was able to sweep aside those native tribes that attempted to block his path and entered the mountains. Battling harsh weather and rough terrain, Carthaginian forces succeeded in crossing the Alps, but lost a significant part of there numbers in the process. Surprising the Romans by appearing in the Po Valley, Hannibal was able to earn the support of rebelling Gallic tribes in the area. Moving quickly, Roman consul Publius Cornelius Scipio attempted to block Hannibal at Ticinus in November 218 BC. Defeated and wounded in the action, Scipio was forced to fall back to Placentia and cede the plain of Lombardy to the Carthaginians. Though Hannibals victory was minor, it had significant political repercussions as it led to additional Gauls and Ligurians joining his forces which raised his armys numbers to around 40,000 (Map). Rome Responds Concerned by Scipios defeat, the Romans ordered Consul Tiberius Sempronius Longus to reinforce the position at Placentia. Alerted to Sempronius approach, Hannibal sought to destroy the second Roman army before it could unite with Scipio, but was unable to do so as his supply situation dictated that he assault Clastidium. Reaching Scipios camp near the banks of the Trebia River, Sempronius assumed command of the combined force. A rash and impetuous leader, Sempronius began making plans to engage Hannibal in open battle before the more senior Scipio recovered and resumed command. Hannibals Plans Aware of the personality differences between the two Roman commanders, Hannibal sought to fight Sempronius rather the wilier Scipio. Establishing a camp across the Trebia from the Romans, Hannibal detached 2,000 men, led by his brother Mago, under the cover of darkness on December 17/18. Sending them to the south, they concealed themselves in stream beds and swamps on the flanks of the two armies. The following morning, Hannibal ordered elements of his cavalry to cross the Trebia and harass the Romans. Once engaged they were to retreat and lure the Romans to a point where Magos men could launch an ambush. Fast Facts: Battle of the Trebia Conflict: Second Punic War (218-201 BC)Dates: December 18, 218 BCArmies Commanders:CarthageHannibal20,000 infantry, 10,000 cavalryRomeTiberius Sempronius Longus36,000 infantry, 4,000 cavalryCasualties:Carthage: 4,000-5,000 casualtiesRome: up to 26,000-32,000 killed, wounded, and captured Hannibal Victorious Ordering his own cavalry to attack the approaching Carthaginian horsemen, Sempronius raised his entire army and sent it forward against Hannibals camp. Seeing this, Hannibal quickly formed his army with infantry in the center and cavalry and war elephants on the flanks. Sempronius approached in the standard Roman formation with three lines of infantry in the center and cavalry on the flanks. In addition, velite skirmishers were deployed forward. As the two armies collided, the velites were thrown back and the heavy infantry engaged (Map). On the flanks, the Carthaginian cavalry, making use of their greater numbers, slowly pushed back their Roman counterparts. As pressure on the Roman cavalry grew, the flanks of the infantry became unprotected and open to attack. Sending forward his war elephants against the Roman left, Hannibal next ordered his cavalry to attack the exposed flanks of the Roman infantry. With the Roman lines wavering, Magos men sprang from their concealed position and attacked Sempronius rear. Nearly surrounded, the Roman army collapsed and began fleeing back across the river. Aftermath As the Roman army broke, thousands were cut down or trampled as they attempted to escape to safety. Only the center of Sempronius infantry, which had fought well, was able to retire to Placentia in good order. As with many battles in this period, precise casualties are not known. Sources indicate that Carthaginian losses were around 4,000-5,000, while the Romans may have suffered up to 32,000 killed, wounded, and captured. The victory at Trebia was Hannibals first great triumph in Italy and would be followed by others at Lake Trasimene (217 BC) and Cannae (216 BC). Despite these stunning victories, Hannibal was never able to completely defeat Rome, and was ultimately recalled to Carthage to aid in protecting the city from a Roman army. In the resulting battle at Zama (202 BC), he was beaten and Carthage was forced to make peace.

Process Analysis Essay on the Various Types of Development Patterns

Process Analysis on the Various Types of Development Patterns - Essay Example I had never heard of many of the different types of patterns of development. Therefore subsequent to the initial introduction to this pattern by the lecturer I decided I needed to obtain additional material in order to enhance my ability to effectively utilize the process analysis. Thus, I searched the internet and other text for a more detailed analysis of the process. I then decided to attempt to write a process analysis on my own. The assignment to choose a type of pattern of development and write an essay displaying the process analysis has been a challenging but a formative experience. I began to analyze in a systematic manner the necessary steps for the process. This approach was rather trying in the context that I did not exist in a vacuum. William Shakespeare’s allusion to the fact that â€Å"life is a stage and we are the actors† rings true when one considers the plethora of activities from which one must devote one’s time. At one point I became so overwhelmed that I had no other choice but to create a to-do list in order to prioritize my activities. Thus, after the creation of the to-do list and the prioritization of the activities, I eventually arrived at the stage when it was time to write. I brainstormed the ideas, created a semantic map and itemized the content of my five paragraphs that were needed for the process analysis essay. I, therefore, wrote the paragraphs and edited e ach paragraph for errors in grammar or spelling. It was a fulfilling experience because it allowed me to observe in an objective manner the various stages through which my practice of the writing was taking me. I began by having very little knowledge about the writing process. After the initial practice, I discovered that my writing skill was rather mediocre and needed a great deal of improvement. I began, therefore, to experiment with the different types of patterns of development.

Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter and Paul Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cathedral Basilica of St. Peter and Paul - Essay Example Shrines, temples and any other stationary fixtures housing sacred deeds mark sacred sites. Temples can function as churches, synagogues, mosques or congregational meeting places. A site like altars contains holy objects and designated sacred spaces within a building. Sacred buildings may be used for congregational gatherings during the occasions for making sacred time. Examples of sacred building are prayer rugs, tallit’s and Torah scrolls, altars or objects, shrines, roadside memorials and other portable sacred spaces for prayer, sacrifice, etc. Architecture and art have led to the design of sacred places like altars that appear elevated within a building space. Designs of the altar may signify that the place is sacred like decorating them with the purple color, etc. The general design of sacred places and building distinctively identifies the area from other ordinary structures by having some prominent signs on them e.g. the signs of the cross on top of the roofs of any Catholic churches. Art and idolatry are interconnected like Iconoclasts (Jews, Muslims, Catholics and some Protestant churches) consider images and statues to be idolatrous, and these mostly are forbidden in their religious laws. Icons in some churches serve as focal points for encountering God. According to Tillich, history moves from powers of origin, with their legitimate unjust structures of traditional domination by prophetic criticism and kairos to fulfillment based on justice structures. The whole process being one of sacramental participation to end in culminating sacrament of theology. Secular history manifests autonomous movement parallel to that of ecclesia-movement of its Catholic sacred substance through independent yet prophetic principle to the fulfillment of both religious and its prophetic elements. There is a paradox at the coupling of art and sacred places. They seem naturally apt to one another, similar to present forms of sacred and art are both

MARKETING ISSUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MARKETING ISSUE - Essay Example These products cut an edge over the competitors in the value of technology used. Apple Company identifies whether or not it is effective in developing new products, and what impacts they have on the market. For example, this has been done through the inclusion of improvised features that the competitors have yet to develop. An example is the use of iMessage, and iCloud, which allows the users to save data through its cloud computing services. The data may include music files and video footage for download to multiple devices (Fifield, 2007). This innovative feature gives them an edge over rivals such as Motorola, Nokia, and BlackBerry. Moreover, the company has gone ahead to use intellectual rights on the product. This includes patent rights. It right protects the product from being used by other competitors or from competitors developing a similar product. For the company to acquire a large market share and increase their sales, the company has emphasized on the use of this technique of innovation to its current market status (Schnaars,

Effects Of Heavy And Soft Music Psychology Essay

Effects Of Heavy And Soft Music Psychology Essay Music has always had affects on human emotion. Music can make anyone feel anything. However, music might have a hidden effect. This is referring to the human cardiopulmonary system. Heart rate is the amount of times the heart pumps blood in one minute. Blood pressure is how hard the blood is pumped through arteries. This is important because one way to gauge a persons health is to look at heart rate and blood pressure. Higher blood pressure could mean the heart is working harder than it is supposed to or there is a clot somewhere. The frequency and the intensity of the music has been associated with the rise of blood pressure found in the study done by Sakamoto in the The Journal of Sound and Vibration. There are differences in the type of music(loud and soft) that is played and the heart rate of the individual listening to it like metal or screamo(in this experiment however it will be Merzbow, which is just loud noise and Mozart which is relatively melancholy) (Sakamoto 2002). Now t he opposite hypothesis can be made also. That soft music with a steady tempo can lower blood pressure and heart rate. This is found out by listening to classical genre of music, such as Mozart in this experiment. However, we do not know this is the case. At the University of California, San Diego, they proposed that listening to music would reduce post-stress blood pressure elevations(Chafin et al. 2004). So music could have an effect after a person already has or experienced high heart rate or blood pressure. There is a studying at Hiroshima University, that used the same technique used in this experiment. They used both excitative music and sedative music. What they found out is that excitative music raised heart rate and sedative music lowered it, but if it was a favorite genre, then the heart rate will always go down (Iwanaga and Moroki 1999). The hypothesis that the group doing this experiment is that the heart rate and blood pressure will not really change at all in the enviro nment that that experiment is taking place(the lab room). However, my hypothesis is that the louder and the more disorganized the music, the higher the blood pressure and heart rate as showing in Sakamotos experiment with loud music with high intensity peaks(Sakamoto 2002). The softer and more organized the music, heart rates and blood pressure would decrease as shown in the study by Iwanaga and Moroki when they tested sedative music that lowered heart rate(Iwanaga and Moroki 1999). This experiment is relevant to real life due to the fact that medical doctors can be using music as therapy to help lower heart rates and to allow people relax in modern medicine. If there is a way for music to control heart rate and blood pressure, it could be used as a treatment for heart diseases or just trying to bring down a high heart rate and blood pressure during a procedure. Materials and Methods: This experiment did not have very many materials that needed to be used. There was a stop watch(minute, second, millisecond), a blood pressure cuff(sphygmomanometer), speakers, and an ipod with an assortment of music genre(however only two songs were used in this experiment(Merzbow Noise and Mozart)). First off, you would put the pressure cuff onto one of the people in the paired up groups and allow them to settle. After that is done, the music is turned on(first run is soft music(in this case, Mozart)). When 30 seconds elapses, a measurement of the blood pressure and heart rate needs to be taken by pumping the sphygmomanometer up to 150 mm Hg and then stop to allow the pressure to be released for the machine to get a reading. When the sphygmomanometer shows a reading, record the heart rate and blood pressure(systolic over diastolic). And then repeat the entire process again at 90 seconds. After the data is recorded and the ipod is reset, the cuff is put on the other partner and the process is repeated while using the harder music(in this case, Merzbow). The second group however, has a run with hard music for the first two minutes then soft music for the last two minutes. The variables are the music and the order it is played. Also the different heart rates and blood pressure between each person. Three basal readings were taken and they are: HR1: 80, BP1: 146/80, HR2: 84, BP2 143/87, HR3 85, BP3 122/75.(HR- heart rate, BP, blood pressure(systolic/diastolic)) After the other readings are taken, there is a t test taken to see if any of the readings had statistical value using a TI-83 plus graphing calculator that has a simple sample t test program on it. Results: This experiment was to test the effects of music on heart rate and blood pressure. The results that came up after the experiment was over is that despite the type of music played in either order, the values of heart rate and blood pressure went down. During the experiment, the heart rate of most people were high, probably due to the stress of class. However, as the music started playing(either type of music Merzbow or Mozart) the heart rate and blood pressure went down in general. However, there was a more significant drop when the classical music was played. The graphs and the table show averaged data points from the raw data. Group 1 Group 2 Basal Heart Rate 76.85 74.56 Systolic 114.33 111.83 Diastolic 70.47 70.14 T Test Mozart(1st) Merzbow(1st) Heart Rate 0h 0m 30s 66.56 0h 0m 30s 65.92 Noise 0h 1m 30s 69.73 0h 1m 30s 67.17 0h 0m 30s Merzbow(2nd) Mozart(2nd) HR   Ã‚  t = 0.4866 0h 0m 30s 67.27 0h 0m 30s 64.58   Ã‚  df = 20   Ã‚  standard error of difference = 4.857 0h 1m 30s 67.73 0h 1m 30s 65.58 SBP   t = 0.1883 Systolic Mozart(1st) Merzbow(1st)   Ã‚  df = 10 0h 0m 30s 111.89 0h 0m 30s 113.17   Ã‚  standard error of difference = 4.827 0h 1m 30s 108.55 0h 1m 30s 112.42 DBP t = 1.2785 Merzbow(2nd) Mozart(2nd)   Ã‚  df = 10 0h 0m 30s 111.45 0h 0m 30s 113.50   Ã‚  standard error of difference = 3.626 0h 1m 30s 110.73 0h 1m 30s 109.67 Diastolic Mozart(1st) Merzbow(1st) 0h 0m 30s 67.90 0h 0m 30s 69.43 0h 1m 30s 71.27 0h 1m 30s 68.83 Merzbow(2nd) Mozart(2nd) 0h 0m 30s 74.55 0h 0m 30s 69.17 0h 1m 30s 71.00 0h 1m 30s 69.42 On some of the points on the data table(figure 1), especially the averaged heart rates actually got higher ,but only after the heart rate dropped from the base basal ratings. Also in a few of the graphs(mainly figure 5), there had seem to be an increase in the readings, but as stated before this could be due to outliers. According to the T Test that is preformed and showed in figure 1, this is exactly the case. Discussion: This experiment was conducted in order to figure out the effects of music on heart rate and pressure on people. My hypothesis was that the louder, more disorganized music would raise heart rate and blood pressure. The softer, more organized music would lower it. The results of the experiment showed that this is not the case. On the contrary, all of the music seemed to have lowered the blood pressure and the heart rate. But there were some averaged values which showed a little higher blood pressure and heart rates but this can be discredited due to the already high blood pressure and heart rates of some people, and when you average together these outliers with the average group, it will raise the average up. However, there was a more significant decrease of heart rate and blood pressure when the Mozart was playing in general if looking at the raw data. This could have been from the environment and the allowance of being able to relax in a stressful environment despite the music(i.e. b eing able to do nothing in a busy class room). The data showed that there were actually some higher blood pressures and heart rates. Another way to do this is to find people who are already relaxed and to measure their blood pressure and heart rate then. Then play music and see if there is a change when a variety of music is played. But according to Bernardi, Porta and Sleight meditative music can induce a relaxing effect which is actually corresponding to tempo(Bernardi et al. 2010). So if this was the case then the loud music should have the opposite effect as shown by Sakamotos experiment where they tested high intensity peaks in music and how it raised blood pressure due to the intense variation(Sakamoto 2002). There was no change in the data that was recorded. The equipment could have not been calibrated since there is a need to calibrate the electronic machines every once in awhile. Also there needed to be a longer period of time to listen to the music. Two minutes to listen t o a song is not likely to have a very big effect on anyone. The whole song should have been played to really see the effects of music. Lastly there needs to be more participants. Due to the low number of participants, there was not any statistically significant results as result of the t test. After this experiment the following conclusion can be inferred, that music does not have a predominant effect on heart rate and blood pressure and if there had to be a result, then all music would lower heart rate and blood pressure. Work Cited Chafin, Sky, Christenfeld, Nicholas, Gerin, William, Roy, Michael. 2004. Music can facilitate blood pressure recovery from stress. British Journal of Healthy Psychology. 393. Iwanaga, Makoto PhD., Moroki, Youko. 1999. Stbjective and Physiological Responses to Music Stimul Controlled Over Activity and Preference. Journal of Music Therapy XXXVI. 26-38. L. Bernardi, C. Porta, P. Sleight. Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory changes induced by different types of music in musicians and non-musicians: the importance of silence. http://heart.bmj.com/content/92/4/445.full?maxtoshow=HITS=10hits=10RESULTFORMAT=fulltext=music+sleightandorexactfulltext=andsearchid=1FIRSTINDEX=0sortspec=relevanceresourcetype=HWCIT. September 26th, 2010. Sakamoto, H., Psycho-circulatory Responses caused by Listening to Music, and Exposure to Fluctuation Noise or Steady Noise, The Journal of Sound and Vibration, 5 September, 2002. V 250(1), 23-29. Sokoloski, Erica Smith, Weedman, Donna. 2009. Biology of Organisms 5th Edition. Ohio: Cengage Learning.

Dryness and Spiritual Decay in The Waste Land Essay -- T.S. Eliot Wast

Dryness and Spiritual Decay in The Waste Land      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   T.S. Eliot peppers "The Waste Land," his apocalyptic poem, with images of modern aridity and inarticulacy that contrast with fertile allusions to previous times. Eliot's language details a brittle era, rife with wars physical and sexual, spiritually broken, culturally decaying, dry and dusty. His references to the Fisher King and mythical vegetation rituals imply that the 20th-century world is in need of a Quester to irrigate the land. "The Waste Land" refuses to provide a simple solution; the properties of the language serve to make for an ambiguous narrative and conclusion, one as confusing and fragmented as Eliot's era itself.    Eliot wastes no time drawing out the first irony of the poem. In the first lines of "The Burial of the Dead," the speaker comments on Jesus' crucifixion and Chaucer while using brutal sounds to relate his spiritual coldness in a warm environment. In "The General Prologue" to The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer poetically writes "Whan that April with his showres soote/ The droughte of March hath perced to the roote,/ And bathed every veine in swich licour,/ Of which vertu engrendred is the flowr" (Norton Anthology to English Literature, sixth edition, vol. 1, p.81). For "The Wasteland's" speaker, "April is the cruellest month, breeding/ Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing/ Memory and desire, stirring/ Dull roots with spring rain" (Norton Anthology of Poetry, fourth edition, p.1236, lines 1-4). The harsh "c's" and muted "d's" throughout point to the speaker's disenchantment with a world full of paradoxes and dichotomies. The "mixing" of "Memory and desire" only hurts him, as do all the verbs , which Eliot places at the ends of their lines to int... ...o present ideas and to withhold personal interaction, it is difficult to read "The Wasteland" without questioning authorial intent. Is the Fisher King in the last stanza, written in the first person, possibly the poet himself, come to rescue us in Nietzschean ÃÅ"ber-Mensch form? Though he would certainly argue against the validity of such a self-enlarging statement (or maybe not), Eliot must have written "The Wasteland" with some hopes that it would somehow end his land's drought. In this sense, then, the writer is a type of Fisher King, and the new ritual is not vegetable harvesting, but writing.    Works Cited: Abrams et al. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, sixth edition, vol. 1. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1993. Ferguson et al. The Norton Anthology of Poetry, fourth edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1996.   

Ethics and Confidentiality Essay

In the nursing profession, keeping patient confidentiality is of the upmost concern. It is an important feature of the nurse -patient relationship and must be maintain as basis of providing care. Confidentiality is described as respecting other people’s secret and keeping security information gathered from individuals in the privileged circumstances of a professional relationship. (Lee and Godbold , 2012). The privacy act offer nurses some flexibility in using professional opinion regarding disclosure of information; however safe guards must be utilized (McGowan 2012). In the following paragraph, implications of breach of confidentiality and application of ethical principles and theories in decision-making in an ethical dilemma with reference to article by Nathanson , (2000)entitled â€Å" Betraying Trust or Providing Good Care? When is it Okay to Break Confidentiality?† will be addressed. Confidentiality is fundamental in the healthcare system. When Confidentiality is breeched, it may deter patients from seeking treatment for fear of disclosure of one’s personal information (Beech 2007). Confidentiality can result in legal and professional problems, distrust, disrespect, and feelings of betrayal and or poor compliance with treatment. The question then arises, when is it okay to breech confidentiality between a patient and the healthcare provider? Confidentiality may be breeched when harm is foreseen for the patient and the society at large. Mark Gowan (2012) suggests that â€Å"Nurses should be aware of some regulations regarding confidentiality as well as situations and when to use; and disclosure of Protected Health Information are permitted. (****). When faced with an ethical dilemma, all possible options should be explored in order to protect the patient’s right of confidentiality and autonomy. While maintaining confidentiality of patient, it is imperative to note that issues might arise that will necessitate the breach of confidentiality as seen in the case of Nurse Hathaway and the teenagers. Nurse Hardaway was involved in an ethical dilemma when two teenagers with serious diagnosis and demanding confidentiality approach her for care. The nurse was confronted with breaking or maintaining confidentiality and let harm come to the patient (Nathanson , 2000). Of either choices, the nurse may be liable for breach of patient confidentiality or neglect when poor decision is made, because the nurse is professionally and personally responsible for their actions. When faced with ethical dilemmas, applications of ethical principles and theories become necessary in making good decisions. It is vital that nurses are familiar with the principles, theories, standard of practice and code of professional ethics. The decision made by Nurse Hathaway to disclose the diagnosis to the teenager’s parents was viewed as the right decision given the circumstances. Failure of the nurse to disclose the diagnosis to the teenager’s parent would consequently jeopardize the health of the teenager. The ethical theory utilized in the scenario reflects Utilitarian and Deontology approach. A utilitarian approach requires identifying and choosing an alternative that would likely produce the most good for all involved (least harm). The positive outcome of breaching confidentiality outweighs the suffering and poor health status foreseen for the teenager. Nurse Hathaway also utilized the theory of Deontology, which focuses on doing ones duty as long as it is universally applied irrespective of the circumstances. Critical thinking and good decision making skill is vital In advocating for the patient; as it is the duty of the nurse to protect, promote, restore, and maintain the health of the individual and the community. The decision to disclose the teenager’s health information to the school authority was considered unethical. The poor judgment and action by the nurse resulted in humiliation and possible suicidal attempt by the teenager (Nathanson 2000). Ethically, this decision proved not to be in the best interest of the patient and defies the principles of nonmaleficence and beneficence. Both principles entail the duty to do good l and cause no harm. Confidentiality was breached because the situation did not require reporting to the school authorities. An alternative way of dealing with such ethical dilemmas would be for the school nurse to conduct health fairs on safe sex education and health practices among teenagers in the school and community. School nurses and authorities should also be notified of the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases without identifying any particular student. In worst case scenario, the nurse should also consult with the facility or institutional ethical committee for directive. The ethics committee plays several key roles when it comes to making ethical decision because they are able to identifying whether or not an action is justifiable. One of the roles is to assist in revising and developing policies pertaining to clinical ethics ( DCD ETHICS committee). Collaboratively, the ethics committee together with their diverse experiences, educational back grounds, perspective and unique values would produce a well balanced discussion of alternatives (GCU). The ethics committee might also utilize a combination of the ethical principles and theories in making decision. Uustal’s model also assist in identify the following steps to be taken: identifying the problem, stating your values and ethical position related to the problem, considering factors related to the situation, generating alternatives related to the dilemma, categorizing the alternative, developing a plan of action, implementing the plan and evaluating the plan of action taken. The sole aim of the ethics committee is to advocate, protect and promote the right of the patient while making decisions that will benefit all. As in the previous scenario, the ethical committee if consulted would provide necessary guidance in the dissemination of the patient’s information, thereby eliminating the implication of breach of confidentiality. Confidentiality helps to foster a good nurse-patient relationship. However there are times when confidentiality conflicts with ones duty and values. The law of confidentiality is complex, and demands a balance between patient’s right and the nurse’s duties. When faced with an ethical dilemma there’s a need for proper integration of the ethical principles and theories in order to arrive at a descion that promotes and respects the patients autonomy. Nurses should be acquainted with their code of professional conduct and responsibilities frequently. Nurses should employ the use of the ethics committee found in most facilities as needed.

Historical Origins of Social Work Essay

Essay: In what ways do the historical origins of social work influence the current profession in Ireland? In order to provide an in-depth discussion on how the historical origins of social work have influenced the current nature of the profession in Ireland, it is important for me to provide a specific understanding of what the term denotes. Defined by Smale, Tuson and Statham (2000; 5), ‘social work is about the interventions made to change social situations so that people who need support or are at risk can have their needs met more appropriately than if no intervention were made’. Morales and Sheafor (1977) state that ‘professional social workers are dedicated to service for the welfare and self-realisation of human beings; to the disciplined use of scientific knowledge regarding human and societal behaviour, to the development of resources to meet individual, group, national and international needs and aspirations; and to the achievement of social justiceâ€⠄¢. Many individuals, other than field social workers and including all those who work in residential, day care and domiciliary care, otherwise known as social care or care workers are all involved in different types of social work. The Emergence of Social Work According to Sheldon and Macdonald (2009, p.19), ‘the term ‘social work’ was first used in Britain at the end of the nineteenth century’. During this era, people practiced social work in an attempt to establish more realistic ways of overcoming social distress as opposed to relying on traditional forms of charity work and philanthropy. Skehill (1999) and Darling (1972) state that Irish social work shares many traditional aspirations of social work elsewhere, such as in Britain and Finland and has been influenced by such countries. However, it is also shaped by the particular nature of Ireland’s society and by key political processes within the country over the past centuries. Albeit Ireland ‘industrialising’ at a different rate in comparison to England and elsewhere, key features of modern society such as: the growth in expert knowledge in relation to individuals and the family, the emanation of new expert professionals and the emergence of a liberal form of government do appear to have had an impact on shaping Irish social work (Skehill, 1999). Earlier forms of social work in Ireland evolved from religious motives which included the giving of alms and the giving of service. Skehill (1999) highlights that the relationship between the  religious bodies and their concern with the provision of charitable relief is of great importance, with the rivalry between Catholic and Protestant charities being the most significant aspect of the religious base of charities in the 19th century. Down through the years, Ireland has been a place where individuals have been ‘inspired by a sense of vocation and largely guided by intuition’ (Darling, 1972; 24). Such individuals have endeavoured to alleviate the pain and suffering of the casualties within our society. An example of such heroic bodies in Ireland includes ‘Mary Aikenhead, daughter of a Cork doctor and founder of the Order of Irish Sisters of Charity, who began prison visiting in Dublin 1821’ (Darling, 1972; 24). The 19th century is ‘characterised by a whole plethora of charitable activities relating to education, health and welfare’ (Skehill, 1990). In England, social work began with the identification, categorisation and organisation of various charities, which is most evident in the work of the Charitable Organisation Society. The COS evolved in 1869 and was primarily known as the Society for Organising Charitable Relief and Repressing Mendicity. This charitable body had a specific aim of attempting to address the disconnectedness between philanthropic organisations and bring these bodies together under some coherent umbrella (Skehill, 199). Over the same period of time (19th century), no such major body for social work existed in Ireland, however at the beginning of the 20th century the Irish state saw an attempt to standardise charity within the country. Notably, the nature of social work in Ireland is highlighted by the ‘link between philanthropy and its broader cultural and political discursive field, the relations between religion and charity, the gendered nature of practices, and the individualistic approach to soc ial problems’ (Skehill, 1990). Although, social work progressed to a greater extent in the 20th century, one could argue that some of the most defining characteristics of its current shape in society could be accredited to its earlier presence in the 19th century (Skehill, 1990). For example, social work in Ireland continues to be a practice that is primarily interested in assisting the less well off in society, with families and children being a key target for social work intervention and practice remaining individualistic. Also, the profession has continued to function traditionally based on caring for and overlooking the clients of its service (Skehill, 1990). Because of this, it  is important to look at certain aspects of philanthropy in 19th century Ireland in order to explore the charitable works’ contribution to the present day social work strategy (Skehill, 1990). Although social work began to emerge in the 19th century, it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that a coherent strategy o f social work developed (Skehill, 1990). What is significant about social work in the early 20th century is that it continued to be characterised by continuities in voluntary charity work and developed towards a more ‘strategic and structured practice of professional social work’ (Skehill, 1990; 61). However, throughout this era, social work also expanded due to a dual process of development between interacting strands of cultural, political, intellectual and institutional progression. This dual process of development includes ‘the emergence of training and education for social workers and the continued expansion of untrained social work’ within charitable bodies (Skehill, 1990; 97). The pattern of social work training that established in the 20th century persisted in the following decades, with the continuation of an individual focus, home visiting, in-depth inquiries and concentration on the poor, women and children remaining to be at the core of its’ practice. In Ireland, the health and welfare service continued to develop in the mid-20th century and as a result, had a crucial influence on the evolution of social work within this period. There was a decrease in the influence of the Catholic Church, professional training and employment for social workers increased and the State developed a greater role in the provision of social services which led to increasing opportunities for the development of social work. According to Darling (1971), formal social work training in Ireland began in 1899, when Reverend R.M. Gwynn established an association in Trinity College Dublin, with a primary aim of promoting the study of poverty. ‘The establishment of the Civic Institute of Ireland in 1914 marks a significant step in the evolution of social work in Ireland’ (Skehill, 1999; 91). The main aim of this society was the ‘study and investigation of all questions and problems affecting the lives of the Irish public in their capacity as citizens or as inhabitants of a city, urban or rural area of Ireland’ (Civic Institute of Ireland, 1914 in Skehill, 1999; 91). Bibliography * Considine, M. and Dukelow, F. (2009) Irish Social Policy: A critical introduction, Dublin: Gill & Macmillan Ltd. * Sheldon, B. and MacDonald, G. (2009) Textbook of Social Work, London: Routledge. * Skehill, C. (1999a): The Nature of Social Work in Ireland, a Historical Perspective, Lewiston, USA: Edwin Mellen Press. * Morales, A. and Sheafor, B.W. 1977. Social Work: A Profession of Many Faces. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc. * Darling, V. (1971) ‘Social Work in the Republic of Ireland’. Social studies, Irish Journal of Sociology, 1(1)24-37. *